KASHMIR CENTRIC AGRICULTURAL PLANS AND VISIONS FOR FOOD SECURITY

KASHMIR CENTRIC FOOD SECURITY VISION

1, THE CROPPING SCENARIO

By prof DR GHULAM MOHYUDDIN WANI

This array of the articles shall be Jammu as great as Kashmir tillage enlargement  centric. It might have exercise in the small or the alternative  of the articles in this as great as alternative websites.It  is written for the Jammu as great as kashmir state though might have relevence for the sum universe too,espacilly identical ecosystems.

INTRODUCTION

MIXED FARMING MODULES ARE OUR NEED

      A churned Agriculture University as great as Education set ups is the necessity. We have been during benefaction starting erroneous to the need. Quick as great as discerning measures have been indispensable to harmonize the tutorial system, involving all civilised universe as great as compared disciplines, industries, corporate sectors as great as farmers’ institutions.

GREEN REVOLUTION DAYS

It is value referring to which Indian Agricultural honour years of immature series post 1968 saw rebate in food great imports as great as subsequently white, blue as great as alternative revolutions postulated the competition pressures as great as civilised universe growth. Our tillage enlargement rate needs to be subsequent to if not some-more to competition enlargement rate (PGR). Our AGR aim ought to be stand in the PGR. This is vicious as expenditure rates, purchasing energy as great as practice /income prospects increase.

FOOD GRAIN SECURITY

 An estimated food pellet of 210 million tons during benefaction might need to be doubled in subsequent 10 years. We have to grasp aloft targets of capability by straight enlargement as plane land enlargement is not possible. the  target of 4 t/h of rice or wheat shall have Jammu as great as kashmir self enough ,a food confidence bottom shall need 5t/h.On an normal you have 2-3 t/h rice as great as marginally reduction wheat prolongation in the state. Combining vegetables ,fruits as great as alternative pulses you might be to the small border softened off in the future. The per capita food pellet expenditure is marginally some-more than rest of the Indian state given of serious cold as great as some-more calorie  are needed.

EXPERIEMENTAL YIELDS

 Under the initial stages as great as even underneath initial trails of miniskirts the altogether capability in rice ranges in in in in in in in in between 5-6t/h, wheat 3-4 t/h, maize 3-5 t /h .The initial rise furnish of 8-10 t /h with the small varieties was reported.The  alternative sum have been reported Wani, 2007.and is accessible upon this website too. The enlarge in furnish  of paddy , from 1947 to 2009 have been aggregation from 40-50 kegs the kanal (i/8th of an hactare as great as magnitude of land in J& K )to turn 350 to400 kgs the kanal.This feat has been probable underneath positive irrigation systems with use of both biological, organic as great as containing alkali fertilizers. Organic experiments done underneath the organisation in an IVLP devise showed aloft prolongation of 2 q per hectare with shift of the wooden smash in to to an iron smash in to called as Shalimar plough.The use of fertiliser both plantation behind yard as great as immature have marked down the containing alkali manure use as great as augmenting productivity.Due to reduction than 1/10th of manure use than endorsed or which used in Punjab you have been softened off in JAMMU AND KASHMIR specifically during depot ends in the alpine regions.We can though delay swithch to the organic tillage of all dry fruits as great as vegetables onward with,

COMMERCIAL CROPS

Commercial crops similar to mushroom,honey,flouriculture,dairy farming  ornithology as great as sheep for beef production  have an endless intensity for the development.The nautical as great as timberland unfeeling along with of march growm medicinal underbrush as great as artificial flavouring have the trememdous marketplace as great as mercantile viability.The bee gripping as polinizers as great as even around dal ,wular as great as alternative lakes have the endless intensity of producing iodine abounding sugarine which can fetch exorbant prices in the universe marketplace as great as can be used by the thyroid scarcity as great as gout patients.

DISEASE RESISTANT LOCAL GENOTYPE

A varieties of loca vegetables which grow of their own upon the naked timberland as great as alternative bunds as great as nomams kand called nunar is abounding in iron.Many alternative self growm weeds use as many suitable as great as nutririve vegetables can be the many suitable dirt binders as great as providers of organic,rainfed vegetative cover to the naked as great as eroded lands upon tip of livestitritive cock provender as great as tellurian as great as bad supplying nourishment await for the nomaids as great as the tribials.There have been the series of the internal genotype which grow of their own in the dry ,wet as great as marshy lands .A consecutive DNA Mappling is indispensable to know their intensity as great as supplying nourishment value.There civilised universe as great as propagation shall give the ready done organic .sustianable as great as low submit bottom as great as food security.The mapping shall exhibit their properties as great as the single can devise as great as generate them,One such indication for the excellent cashmere temperament goats was run by the writer with cultivatable formula for the sum pashmina industry,This try referred saved the required gene pool,This gene pool was alternative correct being widely separated with Russian as great as Mongolian bred DON goats.The cranky tact was stopped by the writer as great as to illustrate recorded the gene pool of the low yielder though excellent hole giats from cranky breeding.Similar attempts to reserve as great as reserve the internal vegetable,rice,ffruit as great as bulb mfishmanimal gene pools have been to be recorded as great as softened by biotechnological use.

Seed computation

 We have grown many mildew resistant as great as tall agreeable varieties, in paddy during rice investigate centre during Khodwani.The seed computation is delayed as great as needs the correct state-central, icar-skuast convergence, which has not been stirring for problems during peak level.A routine welfare has to be done to implement the accessible tillage as great as compared connoisseur to lift private-public partnership mode seed banks.We need 10,000 quintals of paddy seed alone per annum.We employed all the land accessible underneath the KVK complement though were frequency equates to to furnish the couple of hundred quintals of the paddy seed.The in isolation –public organisation as great as partnership as great resulted in extrinsic than the estimable increase.The usually fortitude to produce the seed tillage land is the inundate channels accessible for dual in in in in in in in between 3 years,The SRI IS A PROPOSITION nonetheless to be attempted in the state.Alternatively let us use these inundate channels as great as implement the impoverished connoisseur to strap seed tillage revolutions in the state of Jammu as great as Kashmir.The usually risk of inundate is once in 5 years which can be postulated by the enlarge or the word cover accessible for such ventures.A sectional prudent formulation can even turn aside these risks too.

NATIONAL LEVEL PLANNING

. Likewise prolongation of 100 million tonnes of wheat from twenty-five million hectares needs the capability of 4t/hac.Jammu as great as Kashmir is 1/100 th of the country, Thus you need the single million ton of wheat as great as rice any to feed the the single crore population. Our competition enlargement is slower than the rest of the states .purchasing energy is softened than the normal rancher or the chairman in India. We the aim to stand in the per hectare capability needs some-more technical manpower in extension, courtesy as great as during sum bottom level. The meridian disasters, earthquakes, Titanic tsunami, floods; have influenced the tillage prolongation in the past as great as the single some-more mandate needs to be kept in thoughts whilst formulation food security. We need to enlarge per capita expenditure expenditures of Rs. 600 per month. We need to overpass the gaps in in in in in in in in between intensity as great as tangible yields during farmers’ level. The containing alkali tillage hazards of bad dirt fertility, low H2O availability, wickedness as great as environmental concerns block the tillage development. Thus polished technology, participatory investigate as great as tutorial modules have been needed. The brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new pressures of tellurian marketing. World traffic as great as price tag regulations have to be accommodated. This all will need kinship of brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new themes similar to post-harvest management, value addition, packaging, communication, as great as credit as great as marketplace inform services in the march curricula. Thus the brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new multidimensional shift in tutorial curriculum is envisaged.  

“We feel honour in job ourselves as the 2nd largest Agricultural Research System (ARS) in the world. When you examination the performance, you have been nowhere in tip 10 of many cited civilised universe publications in the world. The USA tops the universe list with 3, 62, 79,842 cited publication/annum, with tiny nation similar to Switzerland during No.10. The systematic outlay in civilised universe is tip in USA with twenty-seven lakh publication/year followed by Japan, Germany, U.K, France, Canada, Italy, Russia, China as great as Australia. Our accede to to Agriculture announcement is 5.48% usually with the share of  reference during 2.32%. This final some-more concentration upon Quality Assurance. Our budding bulletin should be quality, Accreditation, Desired Knowledge, Assessment, Skill as great as cunning office office building as great as tutorial audit. Quality declaration equates to strengthening resources, inform as great as upkeep of tutorial infrastructure. Thus you need to umpire grants as great as Centre-State family rationally,” pronounced the organisation of experts compared with the writer of this report.

ICAR GRANT SYSTEM

We have Central Agricultural Universities as great as 200 ubiquitous Universities, with 48 tillage faculties. The sum disciplines wanting grants might be strengthened in 5 yrs by 1core grants to any fortify for peculiarity assurance. We furnish 10,000 underneath graduate, 5500 post graduates as great as 1600 Ph.D. in civilised universe each years. They supplement to the stagnation pool. For origination them self-employees in brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new ventures as great as for augmenting employment, they need cunning office office building in tellurian economics as great as traffic policies. Biotechnology, Bio information, Bio fertilizers, Pesticides as great as Fungicides. New expertise enlargement in all the Universities as great as colleges is to be executed in entrance 5 years. Such as  Pest inform as great as survey; supervision Analysis; welfare await complement as great as Geographic inform system. A brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new certitude is to be given to march curriculum integrating margin practices in the partnership mode with farmer. A teacher-student-farmer-industry, report exchnage as great as co-operation is to be integrated, the single as great as fine-tuned to finish results. This will proceed lay away as great as lay away expertise assent as great as synchronized march curricula during UG, PG as great as PhD level. This has to be fine-tuned to the margin mandate as great as place asian Agricultural prolongation is elaborating worldwide as great as there is many importance currently upon community-based mechanisms of distribution in sequence to move tolerable change. The factors which have rancher groups successful in disseminating INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGIES NEED DETAILED analysis. A churned methodology, multiple-stage proceed stands used to acquire data.

 

 

 

KASHMIR CENTRIC FOOD SECURITY VISION

SERIES 2THE TECHNOLOGY BASED FARMING

BY PROF GHULAM MOHYUDDIN WANIMoreover, you have to use some-more record formed gathering complement to enlarge capability per section land. Horizontal enlargement is not possible. Embargo upon unenlightened use of containing alkali fertilizers, pesticides as great as alternative farm-use-agents is an additional imprisonment to enlarge capability of food grain. Unfortunately the food grain-production gait has declined. Growth rate of 1-2% has put pressures upon the economy. Imports of food grains, an curiosity over past decade, needs problem-cause-analysis. The sum complement of National Agricultural Research, prolongation as great as margin functionaries have purebred the fatigue. Similarly, the land degradation, unfeeling lassitude as great as environmental wickedness final brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new resource to swell productivity. SAMETI “State Agriculture Management as great as Extension Training Institute  might benefit to have adjustments in the tillage complement so as to confederate agriculture, aquaculture, H2O charge as great as batch rearing with brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new record driven distinction earning enterprises. This needs the the single after another as great as rancher accessible policies of tolerable agriculture. Technology recognition as great as focus is contingency to furnish some-more section of land. We do have the possibility as the yields have been revoke than many countries as great as even the beside states of India,” pronounced the organisation of associating chairman of Kashmir valley. ORGANIC FARMINGOrganic tillage is advocated as complicated technology. We left the normal organic tillage for receiving advantage of containing alkali farming, which landed us in trouble. This series of modernity as great as conventionalist taxed us heavily. We maybe jumped in receiving advantage of or contrast technologies though comparing them with the own practices. Now reverting behind to the own normal ways is diligent with problems too. The questions mostly asked are, can you equates to or even say the capability levels by restoring to the organic farming? The Blending of complicated record of currently as great as normal record of yester years might answer this question. Can inform as great as inform exchnage skills as great as record overpass the brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new union?INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONThe benefaction day inform as great as inform exchnage record has trespassed all barriers of race, religion, enlightenment as great as countries. A Comprehensive investigate of twenty-three examination writings as great as the dozen book as great as journals were presented by the writer in 2005. How inform exchnage as great as inform can benefit prolongation as great as equates to yields stands discussed in detail. Strong notice systems for meridian risks, floods as great as cyclones, pests as great as mites could benefit to lift some-more crops. Farming informatics as great as recognition packages by print, mass as great as right away E-mails is possible. The purpose of rival farming, mercantile consult as great as investigate of tillage as great as women’s formation needs attention. Women, the half of tillage work force, have been still unknowingly of the technological skills. The barriers of customs, veil, sacrament as great as amicable bondages could be strike by educating them by TV, cassettes, e-mails or alternative complicated inform exchnage appliances. TECHNOLOGY TRANFER Technology send is easy. We can have great great well well well well well well known record practices or even denote them. The pass emanate is the adoption. India with 25% of the GDP from civilised universe spends the small 2% of the same upon the subsidies rsther than than upon send of technology. Blending subsides with tillage exports will need the extreme cut underneath brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new WTO agreements. The tellurian marketplace entrance event border of 3% import shall offer mystify the issues. The ubiquitous standards of sanitation shall need some-more recognition during farmer’s door. Our Agricultural exports from  tillage equipment has been up as great as right away you traffic around 18.45% tillage great in the figure of apiculture, floriculture, uninformed fruits, mushroom, spices, sugar, molasses, rice, pleasant ripened offspring juices, pulp, concentrates as great as even agro-chemicals. Fruit, nuts as great as vegetables have augmenting the traffic earnings. Our stipulations in expanding the exports have been infrastructure to produce ubiquitous bio-safe packaging, phyto sanitation & solitary confinement measures. Our yields as great have been low to finish with others. Thus, send to record has not to be singular to male methods, publication, leaflets, folders, bulletins, newsletters, journals, magazine, journal publication, tillage plantation broadcasts or radio interviews though has to be supplemented with video conferencing, vast recognition campaigns by video cassettes, wire net functions as great as alternative internal plantation telecasts. The propaganda, broadside as great as warning has to be granted with inform exchnage skills similar to tillage journalism, renouned participation, proclivity as great as some-more so by supervision of inform systems. The plantation visits, farmers calls, letters have to be intensified. Farmers need inform upon markets, bio standards as great as offered investigate as great as networking mechanisms. Apple is an vicious principal stand of J&K State. The state assembled 10414017 MT of apples from 100702 ha of orchard area during year 2005-2006. The state contributes 57% of inhabitant prolongation of apples, whilst as Himachal Pradesh contributes 24% notwithstanding carrying perceived substantial bureaucratic attention. The state produces early, midst as great as late deteriorate civilised universe of apple. The blurb apple varieties have been Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Ambri, White Dotted Red, Royal tasty Kulu Delicious, Hazratbali, Benoni.POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGYPost pick up doing of apple encapsulated many supervision decisions as great as processes which have been endangered in harvesting, handling, storage, make-up as great as ride of apple ripened offspring compulsory to produce consumer with an excusable as great as product. The characteristics of apple which establish the acceptance in marketplace place have been size, shape, colour, texture, flavour, juiciness, leisure from blemishes as great as bruises. A correct traffic oriented packaging, spotless investigate as great as eco-friendly shall titillate the consumer acceptability underneath WTO regime.As regards walnut, it might be settled which it is an vicious bulb stand grown in the state of J&K. The state produces 86263 tonnes of walnut from an area of 61723 hectares with the capability of 1.39 tonnes/ha as great as has corner in the traffic to many countries of the world. Walnut civilised universe is usual in Badarwah, Poonch, Kupwara, Baramulla, Bandipora, Ganderbal, Budgam, Srinagar, Anantnag as great as alternative rocky areas of J&K. Walnut have been used up as oppulance snacks as great as commercially used for credentials of bakery products, chocolates, ice cream, ornaments, oils, confectionery as great as salad products. Shells have been sued in glue as great as plastics as great as for origination solutions for cleaning as great as polishing surfaces.

But there have been constraints in walnut trade, which need to be addressed.

Horticulture section

As settled earlier, the vital writer to J&K’s Gross Domestic product is civilised universe of gardens as great as horticultural tellurian marketplace share for India is around 15%. We browbeat markets in Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal as great as Bangladesh. Our share is comparatively reduction in countries similar to Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Israel, Kuwait, Pakistan, Oman as great as Brunei. But with enhancing traffic in SAARC countries, you might have some-more opportunities of enlargement in done during home Asian markets. Thus the certitude towards horticultural traffic march is associated with assent as great as kinship in in in in in in in between SAARC countries. We share cultural, eremite as great as food habits, to illustrate the products could be elite over others. This needs correct post-harvest as great as market-led prolongation as great as overdo system. Given correct courtesy you might imprisonment markets of Japan, Hong Kong, China as great as alternative countries too. For some-more assertive enlargement of civilised universe of gardens in J&K state, there is need to lay highlight upon the enlargement of offered facilities, practice as great as income era options as great as sourroundings of traffic graduation zones.In sequence to give swell to exports, bearing needs to be given to strawberry, fungus as great as cumin seed, berries, furious fruits as great as inland vegetables. The internal horticultural germplasm needs inquisitive as great as innovative projections. As internal germplasm is great matched to the sourroundings for it needs reduction water. The brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new marketplace options for organic fruits assembled in J&K need prioritization as great as acceptance underneath WTO regulation. International bio reserve measures, grading as great as wrapping of accessible fruits, initiates for enlargement of brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new varieties of fruits similar to kiwi fruit, furious apricot, black cherry, broccoli as great as fungus have been the referred to ways for the enlargement of this sector. The options for air transport, load from Leh, Srinagar as great as Jammu to centers of expenditure similar to Delhi, Chandigarh as great as Mumbai need exploration. The agro-based industrial set-ups regulating low class apple for juice, shampoo, bio fuels as great as use of accessible horticultural as great as floricultural wastes for blurb line as benefaction packs, scents, ornamentals, droughty flowers, perfumes as great as bio-fuel.It is reported which Horticulture Planning as great as Marketing J&K has determined Fruit as great as unfeeling markets inside of the state. The dialect is in the routine of strengthening 3 categorical handling markets of Nowpora (Sopore), Parimpora (Srinagar) as great as Narwal (Jammu). So distant multipurpose grading, make-up as great as auction sheds have been assembled during Nowpora Sopore. Further seventeen heavenly body markets have been determined inside of the state. Market inform use has been introduced to pick up as great as pass out marketplace comprehension by NET connectivity inside of as great as outward state. It is offer reported which unchanging tillage offered headlines as Zariye Khabernama has been proposed in Kashmir Door Darshan.Pertinent to plead which many of the ripened offspring crops have been rain-fed, need enlargement of irrigation trickery in the form of drip/sprinkler irrigation. Site specific nutritious supervision technique need to be adopted to titillate as great as economize manure use in ripened offspring as great as unfeeling crops.Strategies need to be grown for the enlargement of price effective, eco-friendly stand prolongation as great as plant word technologies giveaway from all dangerous chemicals with minimal repairs to soil, water, air, plants as great as animals. Besides diversification of ripened offspring cultivation, civilised universe of dry fruits in rain-fed areas is need of the hour. Use of internal genotypes of furious fruits similar to nuts, berries etc shall benefit in the vast way. “There is need for the prolongation of fruits, vegetables as great as flowering plants in off-season as great as origination of comforts for origination off-season products thereof. Rejuvenation of ill as great as sterile civilised universe of gardens units such as orchards, ripened offspring nurseries as great as estimate units etc. Promotion as great as popularization of hybrid record in vegetables as great as investiture of hankie enlightenment laboratories as great as immature houses for mass computation of mildew giveaway planting material, tubers/corms as great as seeds. Degraded soils of the ripened offspring crops where crops have been flourishing for decades due to dirt wearing away or in dirt containing alkali change, need to be given courtesy to correct it. Above all investiture of modernized fruits as great as vegetables processing/preservation units.  Infrastructure comforts have been indispensable for post pick up supervision of civilised universe of gardens courtesy in J&K State,” indicate experts.

 

Lack of technical knowledge, miss of soil-tested seeds, tall price of fertilizers retard enlargement of Agriculture/ Horticulture

Hence people titillate Govt., to launch Farmers’ recognition programme, produce them subsidized fertilizers as great as irrigation-facilities to swell prolongation in J&K

 

KASHMIR CENTRIC FOOD SECURITY VISION

3. GLOBAL VILLAGE AGRICULTURE

The universe has shrunk in to the tellurian encampment as great as as such technological developments receiving place in any modernized nation turn great great well well well well well well known instantly, which benefit alternative countries similar to ours to adopt as great as follow their techniques to sojourn updated. One of such countries is Israel, which is characterized by topographical variations as great as the far-reaching operation of soils, enabling the flourishing as great as raising of the accumulation of crops as great as animals. A vast enlarge in competition rught away after 1948 compulsory the fast enlarge in food production, followed by enlargement of investigate as great as prolongation comforts as great as services. In brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new years Israel, similar to many alternative countries, has faced difficulties in stability the supply of services it formerly provided. This worry led tillage organizations to proceed presumption the shortcoming of to the small border financing prolongation for the couple of years, as great as after perplexing to simulate the price in to the farmers. Farmers have been assumingly peaceful to compensate for on-farm prolongation visits. Under this system, the Flower Board is financing many open prolongation activities as great as charging the rancher for prejudiced costs of on-farm visits. This complement operates successfully, aided by reports which have been filed electronically by agents all over Israel to the Floricultural Department Head Office, as great as from the Head Office to the Flower Board. Advantages of the brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new complement being the endless enlarge in agent-to-farmer commitment; the veteran turn of agents stays during slightest the same as before; as great as the financial incident of the infancy of agents is softened than before. The waste is which the small farmers have been immoderate reduction prolongation than before. Similarly, California’s land accede to prolongation programme has been successful in aiding tillage Industries rise as vital universe producers. Extension has been the personality in facilitating quality-of-state. However, competition blast has remade California in to an civic state, with apropos opposite governmental issues, values as great as priorities. Agricultural prolongation programmes go upon to though delay offer the disappearing series of customers which paint reduction than 1.5% of the population. Financial await for prolongation is dwindling during the nation as great as state levels, to illustrate such models used by us in SAU could be inauspicious as great as need change.As distant as Horticulture section is concerned, Iran has marched forward in this margin as great as is the single of the world’s tip 10 horticultural producers. However, post-harvest waste in Iran have been 6 times larger than the universe average. Even after substantiating an tillage prolongation service, Iran still practice great problems in shortening post-harvest losses. Results referred to which education, element possession, mass media exposure, prolongation contact, systematic march as great as risk welfare were significantly as great as definitely correlated with the believe turn of farmers pre- as great as post training. Its indication can be adopted after attempting to enclose post-harvest waste so which horticultural intensity could be exploited as great as harnessed to titillate the conduct to buy in J&K State. “We contingency recollect which tillage enlargement programmes mostly furnish astonishing formula as you have come to know from the story piece of multiform countries of the world. This can be attributed to the actuality which the aim farmers already have their own believe as great as competencies which establish their practices. In sequence to titillate their knowledge, it would be suitable to adopt models of those countries, which have warranted laurels in opposite sectors of Agriculture. Ours being an agricultural-based economy, so this section needs to be given due thrust, generally after carrying unsuccessful to shift Industrial section in Kashmir valley,” referred to the organisation of penetrating Watchers of Kashmir valley. From the investigate of modernized countries of the world, it has emanated which the attitudes of the farmers have been significantly as great as definitely associated to education, organizational membership, land holdings, hit with prolongation agent, mass media exposure, socio-economic status, awareness, income as great as element possession. Lack of correct technical knowledge, miss of irrigation trickery as great as tall price of fertilizers/chemical can be the retarding factors to revoke the turn of prolongation of tillage products. Hence, you contingency lay importance upon the embracing the cause of models of agriculturally modernized countries of the universe so which old methods have been rejected as great as tillage bottom revolutionized to turn manageable to the benefaction as great as destiny needs in J&K.

 

 Experts indicate deputy of tip down formulation with weed bottom planning, softened seeds as great as endless appearance of farmers

With rising ‘Grow More Food’ slogan, you witnessed immature revolution, leisure from hunger, though spoiled environment. We have to demeanour for swap options for the execution of investigate as great as rise database for obvious formulations. We need deputy of tip down formulation with weed bottom planning. And some-more farmer’s appearance marked down risks. Research in past, cantered upon softened seeds, irrigation, as great as containing alkali use.Extension education, distribution of inform to rancher has to be the initial regard of the open as great as in isolation establishments as great as planners. Bird’s eye viewers have to be transposed with idealist professors as great as professionals.Farmer tillage as great as plantation blurb operation shall be the initial ranking scientific. Pursuit investing during slightest an homogeneous volume upon it has to be outlayed upon illness or chief establishments. Our nicely should be Independent as great as mortified farmers, with annals of annual balances, gains as great as losses, risks as great as benefits. We shall have to move separate unapproachable rancher lerned & great capable in Agri-business. Farming concepts as great as ubiquitous zoo-phytosanitation recommendations as great as regulations. We need to stop WTO restrictions or options compartment the tillage as great as farmers have been not utterly believe driven as great as economically discerning to face the tellurian tillage competitions.Four paradigms of Agricultural Extension consists of Technology transfer, prevalent given colonial times & after National Agriculture Extension Project (NAEP), reshaped in 1970-80 as pointing as great as revisit complement opposite Asia. It endangered tip down approach. Its purpose needs discussion. The second indication called as Advisory work is what is benefaction complement of extension, where, supervision agencies, NGO as great as technical industries reply to farmer’s inquiries which you call advisory role. The third indication consists of Human Resource Development. This creation helped Europe as great as North America. The Universities gave pointing to tillage youth. It is these educated, lerned youth, which became destiny farmers in grown countries. What is great great well well well well well well known as overdo complement of colleges as great as universities is still different in the Agricultural Research System together with State Agriculture Universities. A half encourage try as Agri-business as great as Agri-clinical is still to be corroborated with University, research, promissory note as great as mercantile support. Is it, which can benefit us to enlarge capability in India or Middle East needs consideration?We contingency recollect which the stroke of National Agricultural Research Project (NARP) (1986-92) referred to which technologies generated were couple of as great as embracing the cause rate not high, even afterwards an estimated financial great of Rs. 2000/ per hectare was observed. Low attribute in in in in in in in in between technologies grown as great as adopted  the churned tillage record plug as 65% of the farmer’s of the farmer’s have been tiny as great as extrinsic farmers. This needs the sum shift to left in the tillage prolongation methodology. T&V Programme instituted with executive benefit in state have around all turn technological recognition in in in in in in in between tillage experts. Its discourse as great as record send from University (Scientists) to experts’ tillage prolongation workers was scarcely sum revolution. The (ZAREC) Zonal Agricultural advisory Research as great as Extension counselling was the many suitable image plantation to plead categorical issues stopping tillage development. The companion announcement of prolongation recommendations helps the lot in send to technology. The display of prolongation recommendations in internal denunciation is beneficial in augmenting capability in many countries.“Brinjal prolongation record embracing the cause in Parbani, Maharashtra was the outcome of amicable participation, risk supervision guarantee, offered orientation, inform websites as great as inform exchnage methods. Various reduction of transport, prolongation staff was the reasons of bad capability gains in Malakhand organisation of Pakistan. The embracing the cause of legume prolongation technologies underneath Jodhpur dull conditions was low. The problems as indicated by farmers have been tiny plantation size. Small hilt rancher was reduction meddlesome to adopt these technologies. Non-existence of marketplace as great as pricing policy, risk of failure, stuff oneself habits, amicable banned as great as miss of Post Harvest Technology (PHT) were identified. Proper superintendence or inform await was the vital imprisonment to 60.8% non-adoption rate in in in in in in in between farmers. Other contributory factors have been technological naivet� (13.33%), messy land (11.31%), plantation submit price (9.41%), non-availability of irrigation (8.29%) as great as miss of inputs (7.95%), pronounced the couple of experts. ………………………………………………………………………………………(To be continued).

 

Agriculture apropos reduction rich

The  adoption of softened varieties as great as biotechnological use to have Agriculture some-more tasteful has to be upon the tip agenda.

  We in building countries in destiny will have Industrial enlargement to have some-more mercantile security. This will meant fewer people being captivated to civilised universe or in alternative difference civilised universe apropos reduction remunerative. We need softened varieties, their fast propagation by biotechnological use. We might have small options not to use complicated bio techniques.This is where you speak right away of molecular farming, regulating biotechnology for some-more transgenic crops, animals, aquaculture as great as blurb floriculture.Besides methodologies for investigate of tillage system, options for enlargement & tolerable eco-friendly plantation scholarship record have been need of the hour. We do have subject-matter-specialists, though the agents for evaluating the combination outcome of assorted fortify oriented record cover is nonetheless to be structured. This is just where you should meddle as great as restructures the discipline, programmes as great as groups of prolongation preparation in the country. In actuality the sum shift from existent delayed action, low innovative, required as great as disintegrated prolongation complement has to be polished in to analytic, conduct mental, social, economical, blurb system, so which the sum record send could be evaluated in conditions of capability as great as combinations need to be evaluated & monitored. The stroke investigate of far-reaching operation of tillage record send be it training, entrepreneurship or agric blurb operation is needed, both prior to as great as after record application. A consult conducted in in in in in in in between 120 farmers in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India, referred to which education, amicable participation, systematic orientation, risk management, mass media exposure, mercantile as great as marketplace march were definitely as great as significantly correlated to the border of embracing the cause endorsed hybrid jowar (sorghum) seed practices by the farmers. Majority of the farmers (43.33%) had the middle turn of the embracing the cause of the endorsed practices. (Kumar et al, 2005). It is referred to which 5 categories of factors establish the embracing the cause of irrigation systems as great as have been the keys to conceptualizing relevant, in outcome as great as innovative irrigation prolongation programmes in in in in in in in between horticulturists. The 5 categories of factories being dirt sort as great as topography; stand quality; sowing time; saving H2O as great as stand furnish (Kaine & Beswell, 2005). We in J&K underneath SREP Strategic Research prolongation devise of Districts notice miss of inform upon sowing time, seed rate as great as manure focus in roughly all the crops.

“The accessible investigate formula have to overcome the farmers tillage practices. Non-adoption is the outcome of the low capability levels per section of land. Inspire of endless furnish gains, the per section profitability has not lifted the mercantile conditions of the farmers. Our plantation conduct to buy still fluctuates in in in in in in in in between seasons’ stormy years in in in in in in in between regions. Now for any drawn out rains plantation technology, it is required to know the stroke as great as affability rate. It is thus compulsory to rise brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new technologies after deliberation socio-organizational arrangements, internal existent soil, water, tellurian needs as great as resources. The internal skills need to be great great well well well well well well known as great as excellence is done to titillate profitability. Our believe underneath IVLP showed the net capability gains of 2 /hac in rice prolongation by mending internal encampment driven plough. Similar innovative ideas as great as internal technologies with softened or outlandish ones gave great formula in enlargement of required farming,” remarked the small associating persons of Kashmir valley.Hence obliged adults indicate which softened varieties as great as embracing the cause of ultimate technologies need to be adopted to shift tillage prolongation to woo farmers, who can get captivated by industrial enlargement to consequence discerning bucks. It is not the subject of financial considerations, though the turn of tillage prolongation to safeguard food confidence .

 

Low tillage prolongation is attributed to untested fertilizers, mercantile constraints as great as miss of modernized record

Hence focus of Precision Agriculture needs to be clubbed with inform as great as inform exchnage networking to swell capability in J&K

In Kenya, use of modernized inform as great as inform exchnage technologies marked down gaps in yields of tillage crops in in in in in in in in between investigate as great as farmer’s fields. It is the nation where 70% competition is continuous with civilised universe for provision though delay or in the roundabout proceed as great as 80% of the traffic is tillage oriented. Reduction in furnish gaps by in outcome use of inform as great as inform exchnage record will have the poignant impact. This stands valid by the low capability in Soybean, which was found to be due to prejudiced embracing the cause of prolongation recommendations by farmers in Maharashtra. The low furnish factors were analyzed. Economic constraints, situational factors as great as inform exchnage gaps upon stand production, protection, seed diagnosis as great as manure focus were found obliged for it. The modernization of tillage prolongation as great as tillage enlargement upon the commander basement could have worked well.It has been celebrated which Precision Agriculture compartment date has focused upon site-specific interpretation pick up for dirt as great as stand management. The technologies for the site-specific margin operations as great as programmed interpretation recording have been available, though pointing civilised universe frequency involves them for improvement. The focus of pointing civilised universe has to be clubbed with inform as great as inform exchnage networking to pick up the gains as great as to titillate productivity. This network might include of an open program platform, which can be operated by the rancher himself. For fit inform exchnage Internet as great as mobile telecommunication have been identified as vicious components. The enlargement of an inform as great as inform exchnage network integrating complicated program as great as hardware technologies in the brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new user-friendly demeanour is compulsory to grasp softened acceptance of technologies as great as softened productivity.It is value referring to which the Australian centre for remote intuiting (ACRES) has introduced the brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new use to produce heavenly body interpretation for nearby genuine time applications. The STAR (Speedy Transmission after reception) use provides entrance to digital heavenly body interpretation products in full fortitude or dense format inside of twelve hrs of the Satellite overpass. The interpretation performed from belligerent stations is processed during the trickery around the high-speed inform exchnage couple as great as tall priority procession. This complement provides Satellite interpretation upon vicious applications, similar to stand furnish modelling, pre-harvest stand prolongation forecasting, detecting stand diseases, monitoring stand stress, harassment infestation, floods, fires as great as oil-spills. SPOT –late is the low cost, off the shelf heavenly body interpretation product from ACRES which is preferred for use in Geographical inform complement (GIS). SPOT-LIFE can be accessed during any time around the Internet as great as is accessible in the form of tiles covering many of Australia.  Advance studies with tall applications for augmenting tillage prolongation needs discerning dissemination. The outcome of rooting section limitation (RZR) upon vegetative as great as facsimile enlargement of ripened offspring trees around grapes, pink as great as citrus has been investigated. It is great great well well well well well well known which it softened stand capability underneath low accessibility of water.“The accessible inform exchnage comforts for tillage inform in fifteen states of India were studied. The formula indicate which whilst inform exchnage networking opens up tillage economy, it is not price effective. The inform exchnage networking has to turn price effective. An try to have softened inform exchnage in in in in in in in in between assorted timberland investigate groups as great as alternative organizations meddlesome in tolerable forestry has shown enlivening results. An try was done to have discerning inform upsurge in in in in in in in between as great as in in in in in in in in between researchers, prolongation officers as great as dairy farmers in East Azerbaijan. The inform input, outlay as great as intersystem inform exchnage were studied.  The inform likes advertising, open propinquity as great as personal offered was found to be many suitable promoters,” pronounced the organisation of associating persons of Kashmir valley.In the “Unique Selling” proceed of the communicator goods aim audience, the stroke of integrated proceed utilizing computers in tillage inform & distribution in Greece as great as Poland was studied.  The opening in record great great well well well well well well known as great as practical during farmers’ margin was found. Researchers miss pointing in regulating brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new inform technologies. Thus alleviation in tillage capability has to keep gait with modernized inform exchnage as great as inform record regulating computers. Hence focus of Precision Agriculture needs to be clubbed with inform as great as inform exchnage networking to swell capability in J&K

 

China, Denmark as great as alternative countries have done conspicuous swell in the field  of Agriculture, Animal cultivation

Hence Experts indicate duplicating their models to great believe as great as titillate the socio-economic conditions in J&K

In sequence to titillate the socio-economic conditions, you contingency commence investigate of alternative countries of the universe to see how they have marched ahead.  Chinese believe needs the try as their successful alleviation of Sheep as great as yak herds can be the great e.g. for use in India. Under this project, they initial took batch of rangeland as great as batch resources. Then socio-economic conditions of the batch breeders were analyzed. Livestock as great as green hills supervision by rodents was studied. Rangeland explanation methods were tested as great as propagated. Seeded fodders as great as outcome of these softened methods of green hills enlargement upon mildew carry out as great as enlarge from batch were analyzed.  Thus, the prolongation preparation programmes should safeguard facilitation of Farmer empowerment as great as not coherence upon subsidy. This equates to incorporating studies as great as programmes of Agri-livestock economics, grassland as great as rangeland management, stand as great as tree prolongation in Agri-extension curricula.Similarly, the brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new participating proceed of clubbing internal as great as outward believe to compromise the tillage complaint is needed. Innovate approaches for dirt as great as H2O charge in Ethiopia as great as Tanzania was helpful. A brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new indication of quite mutated Technology enlargement proceed is initial being recognized, as the usually proceed of clubbing normal as great as complicated technologies for agric-development.The Dutch Model for sum revision of tillage record send shall need excellence of facile methodologies used in prolongation consisting of PRA, PERT or alternative specific management, inform exchnage as great as complicated IS-Geographic Information System use. This would engage the sum shift in Extension Education, objectives, methodology & march curriculum. We need tillage networking for bringing out formula of negotiable technologies. Experimental guidance as great as believe pity has to be incorporated, as investigate upon farmers field. Farmers have to be partial of the learning, as great as investigation process. Dutch indication could be used. In India to safeguard discerning record use. Let us weigh record use. It been seen which the small on-going farmers have recognition of record though being absentee farmers, their workers have no believe or skills to use them in the field. It is time to come out of “Technology distribution Scenario” to “Technology Use Status in the field” as great as “Productivity great comment models”. “Besides believe learning, marketplace designs, plantation economics, tolerable agriculture, Agri-information, inform exchnage skills as great as plantation blurb operation shall be the believe bank accessible to Agri-Extension & inform exchnage experts, whom you should name “FBM” – “Farm Business supervision Experts”, indicate the organisation of experts of Kashmir valley.The Extension Education is old-fashioned as great as as great mostly used as great as misunderstood phrase. Extension includes right away each try to promulgate with farmers. Today’s Extension agencies can be university scientists, Subject make the difference specialists, Agri experts, farmers or even to the small border Agri great great well well well well well well known NGO or their agents. Thus, the sum censure of others has to be common by University experts. Agri-University, practical believe has to be communicated to farmers as “end product” as curative companies do. Thus all the stream ‘building block”, great great well well well well well well known believe has to be computerized as great as stored. This has to be reshaped as great as re-arranged as believe packs for innovative as great as sum tillage capsules rsther than than the single commodity believe pity as in the West. We do have commodity though not combination civilised universe packages. A pamphlet upon the combination goods has been published as Broad Based Extension Education. Training & visits upon plantation turn unsuccessful though farmer-training & farmer-research appearance or demonstrations during farmers’ margin did grasp the great success. With constraints of group as great as resources as great as stand word in vogue, you contingency satisfy researchers to have proceed participatory investigate during farmer’s doors, upon their fields. This try can be upon cost-sharing basement or with participatory impasse of Industry.Our plantation conduct to buy still depends upon anniversary rains, lacks positive irrigation comforts as great as lacks technological behind up

New strategies as great as the missions

Hence people proceed enlargement of Canal-networks and  embracing the cause of Chinese Model to titillate food prolongation in J&K

Methodologies for investigate of tillage system, options for enlargement & tolerable eco-friendly plantation scholarship record have been needs of the hour. We do have subject-matter-specialists, though the agents for evaluating the combination outcome of assorted fortify oriented record covers is nonetheless to be structured. This is just where you should meddle as great as restructures the discipline, programmes as great as groups of prolongation preparation in the country. In actuality the sum shift from existent delayed action, low innovative, required as great as disintegrated prolongation complement has to be polished in to analytic, management, social, economical, blurb system, so which the sum record send could be evaluated in conditions of capability as great as combinations need to be evaluated & monitored. The stroke investigate of far-reaching operation of tillage record send be it training, entrepreneurship or agri-business is needed, both prior to as great as after record application.  The accessible investigate formula have to overcome the farmers tillage practices. Non-adoption is the outcome of the low capability levels per section of land. Inspire of endless furnish gains per section profitability has not lifted the mercantile conditions of the farmers. Our plantation conduct to buy still fluctuates in in in in in in in in between seasons, stormy years as great as in in in in in in in between regions. Now for any drawn out rains from technology, it is required to know the stroke as great as affability rate. It is thus compulsory to rise brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new technologies after deliberation socio-organizational arrangements, internal existent soil, water, tellurian needs as great as resources. The internal skills need to be great great well well well well well well known as great as excellence done to titillate profitability. “Chinese practice need the try underneath the socio-economic conditions. Besides successful alleviation of Sheep as great as yak herds in China can be the great e.g. for use in the nation in ubiquitous as great as J&K in particular. Under this devise they initial took batch of range-land as great as batch resources. Then socio-economic conditions of the batch breeders were analysed. Livestock as great as green hills supervision by rodents was studied. Rangeland explanation methods were tested as great as propagated. Seeded fodders as great as outcome of these softened methods of green hills enlargement upon mildew carry out as great as enlarge from batch were analysed.  Thus prolongation preparation programmes should safeguard facilitation of Farmer empowerment as great as not coherence upon subsidy. This equates to incorporating studies as great as programmes of Agri-livestock economics, grassland as great as operation land management, stand as great as tree prolongation in Agri-extension curricula,” referred to the couple of distinguished experts of Kashmir valley.A brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new participating proceed of clubbing internal as great as outward believe to compromise the tillage complaint is needed. Innovate approaches for dirt as great as H2O charge in Ethiopia as great as Tanzania were helpful. A brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand brand new indication of quite mutated Technology enlargement proceed is initial being recognized, as the usually proceed of clubbing normal as great as complicated technologies for agric-development. The sum revision of tillage record send shall need excellence of facile methodologies used in prolongation consisting of PRA, PERT or alternative specific management, inform exchnage as great as complicated IS-Geographic Information System use. This would engage the sum shift in Extension Education, objectives, methodology & march curriculum. We need tillage networking for bringing out formula of negotiable technologies. Experimental guidance as great as believe pity has to be incorporated, as investigate upon farmers field. Farmers have to be partial of the learning, as great as investigation process. Dutch indication could be used in India to safeguard discerning record use. Let us weigh record use. It been seen which the small on-going farmers have recognition of record though being absentee farmers, their workers have no believe or skills to use them in the field. Small farmers have been not asked by prolongation services as great as need correct awareness. Agricultural prolongation specialists contingency specialize in village structure, development, preparation guidance tools, record as great as routine issues. Thus these disciplines or topics need kinship in Farm blurb operation Management curriculum. Partnership process, supervision as great as inform exchnage should be the categorical thrust. Co-operative mechanism, plantation blurb operation supervision as great as investigate as great as monitoring collection should be used. But for revolutionizing the plantation economy, people proceed enlargement of Canal-networks as great as embracing the cause of ultimate Models to titillate food prolongation in J&K.Our irrigation complement has not come up to the mandate notwithstanding pumping outrageous sums of income in this Sector. Therefore, there is obligatory need to rise systematic irrigation complement to revoke coherence upon rains as great as share practice of alternative modernized countries, quite which of China to swell food prolongation in J&K State.